The status of gender dysphoria as a mental disorder has been long debated and the final decision was, in DSM-5, a compromise, that is the diagnosis was retained but with several important differences compared to previous conceptualizations. Aim of the present paper is to provide and up-to-date review on the most frequent mental health problems in people with gender dysphoria. Data on the prevalence of mental disorders in this population will be explored to ascertain whether trans people are at higher risk of mental disorders compared to the general population. We will then examine the most frequent mental disorders in this population together with the effects of hormonal and surgical treatments for gender dysphoria on mental health. The prevalence and clinical characteristic of self-harm and suicidal behaviours in trans people will also be examined. Finally, we will explore protective factors that can buffer the risk of mental health problems in transgender individuals.
Key words: gender dysphoria, psychopathology, comorbidity